Reported Adverse Effects, Withdrawal Symptoms, and Misuse Patterns Associated with Non-Prescription Tianeptine Use Dante Gilberti, MS Drexel University College of Medicine   SUMMARY POINTS Tianeptine misuse is associated with significant neurologic and cardiovascular adverse effects. Withdrawal symptoms from tianeptine resemble opioid withdrawal and frequently require medical treatment, highlighting the drug’s dependence potential. Misuse patterns show rapid tolerance and esc